Today's business motivational posters — symbolized most prominently by "Sucessories" — are the butt of many a joke. But back in your grandpa's day, they were an art form. Not only that, but motivational posters from the first few decades of the 20th century provide a window into America's changing idea of manhood.
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, rapid industrialization in the West transformed all aspects of life, including our concept of manliness. As we discussed in our series on the Archetypes of American Manliness, for most of America's early history, manhood was rooted in community and family ties, land ownership, and producerism. But as factories and industrial farming put small artisans and independent farmers out of business, men began leaving the family farm and shop in search for work in the burgeoning urban centers of America. Instead of the Genteel Patriarch or Heroic Artisan archetype defining manhood in America, a new archetype took center stage during this time of rapid change: the Self-Made Man.
The Self-Made Man archetype of manliness represented a profound change in how Americans saw manhood. This was when the "pull yourself up by your bootstraps" ideal really took root in the country. Young men who wanted to be a success could no longer hang around the family farm and wait to inherit a piece of land from their fathers or apprentice at the village tannery before opening their own shop. Opportunities were waiting in new businesses and in new places far from home. But to grasp these opportunities required a new set of skills — while their fathers had wrestled with external obstacles in struggling to tame the land, young men looked inward and sought to master themselves. "Harder" skills became less important than personal qualities like thrift, hard work, persistence, and reliability.
Men have always competed with each other for status, and the new way to the top was to climb the business ladder — to become a Titan of Industry and call your own shots.
Helping men navigate this new economy and new definition of manhood were hundreds of self-help books and pamphlets that offered advice on how to be successful in life and in business. The most influential author to come out of this period was Orison Swett Marden who published 19 books with steely titles like Pushing to the Front, Architects of Fate, and The Man You Long to Be (We actually included a few excerpts from Marden's books in our Manvotionals anthology). Marden's works redefined manhood in terms of character traits that led to personal success, and his books are filled with essays encouraging men to develop their manhood fully, and to test that manhood by hustling their way to the top.
Which brings us to these motivational posters…
This new, entrepreneurial definition of manhood reached a peak in the decade before the Great Depression. It was a time of idealism and optimism, and people were bullish both about the future of the economy and people's ability to change their behavior and develop their character. Pithy maxims were popular (for example, Henry Ford was fond of saying, "Chop your own wood and it will warm you twice"), and it was felt that constructive encouragement could helps folks from any walk of life improve themselves. During this time, businesses began hanging beautifully illustrated posters with the same slogans that authors like Orison Swett Marden shared with readers a decade earlier. There were even trading cards with similar "go get-em" language that were handed out to employees like baseball cards. Business owners hoped that these posters and cards would help boost productivity and morale and inculcate uneducated and immigrant workers with the virile values needed to thrive in the world of business.
Two (now defunct) printing companies — Parker-Holladay Company and Mather & Co. — were at the forefront of this burgeoning motivation business. Both companies created a line of motivational materials that business owners could subscribe to (new posters and cards would arrive each month) and hang up and hand out in the workplace. The two companies hired some of the best illustrators of the day such as Willard Frederick Elmes and Hal Depuy to create these handsome motivational posters.
The Great Depression dealt a serious, if temporary, blow to the Self-Made Man archetype. With the crash in the market, and consequently in morale, the motivational craze fizzled, and the posters produced by Parker-Holladay and Mather & Co. became tattered ephemera that collected dust in antique stores and attics. Recently, however, there's been a renewed interest in these unique pieces of 20th century history. Traveling exhibitions containing these vintage posters have criss-crossed the country and auction houses are selling them for thousands of dollars.
I can understand the appeal. The vivid artwork and graphic design is top-notch, and while the copy is sometimes ham-fisted, I actually find it inspiring as a man — perhaps because I'm still a believer in the self-made ideal. The advice is pretty timeless and just as applicable today as it was then. The posters teach the sort of stuff your grandpa would tell you: simple, time-tested principles, that if lived, can lead to a life of success.
Below we curated over 70 examples from this golden age of motivational posters. Prepare to be pumped up.
Have You Met Bill Jones?
During the 1920s, the British firm Parker-Holladay created a fictional character named Bill Jones. Mr. Jones' dispensed his friendly advice to British clerical workers through colorful lithographic posters emblazoned with his get-right-to-the-point maxims. The firm exported Bill Jones to the United States and Canada where he urged employees to develop the pluck and can-do attitude that develops success.
Mather & Company Work Incentive Posters
Inspired by Parker-Holladay's success with their Bill Jones series, a Chicago entrepreneur named Seth Seiders used his printing company, Mather & Co., to produce a line of "work incentive posters." Like the "Bill Jones" series, Mather & Co.'s work incentive posters were designed to instill virtues like punctuality, teamwork, and thrift.
Motivational posters from Mather & Co. have become a hot collector's item today. Original posters are selling for more than a $1,000 a pop!
Motivational Cards from the 1920s
Recently, American art director Steven Heller published a set of motivational cards from the same time period as the Parker-Holladay and Mather & Co. materials on his blog. There isn't much information about which company produced these, but the artwork and copy is somewhat similar to what you'll find from Mather & Co. Lots of great items there. Teddy Roosevelt even graces one of the cards.
Related posts:
- Motivational Posters: Theodore Roosevelt Edition
- Motivational Posters: Founding Fathers Edition
- Motivational Posters: Winston Churchill Edition (Part I)
- Art of Manliness Housekeeping: RSS Feed and Email Updates Fixed
- The Best of Art of Manliness: May 2009
Outfitted & Equipped: Fall Cider & Donut Picnic Date
A few of my favorite men's lifestyle blogs have been doing a fun series where they offer a suggested get-up or outfit based on a theme. I really enjoy them and have been wanting to do something similar – I'm calling ours "Outfitted and Equipped."
We've done a few illustrated guides on what to wear to certain events, which are handy for providing some general guidelines, but I think it's nice to see concrete examples of outfits, along with what to bring to the shindig as well. Outfitted and Equipped also gives me a chance to show the kind of things I personally wear and enjoy.
But to be clear here — I'm not saying you have to buy these exact things! It's just a gallery of inspiration for what to get together for different outings. Don't read too much into it — it's just for fun! (Sad I have to make such a caveat, but people always do!)
Outfitted & Equipped: Fall Cider and Donut Picnic Date
1. L.L. Bean Double Layer Henley
2. Donuts (definitely cake, and preferably pumpkin spiced)
3. Levi's® 508 Regular Taper Jeans
4. Levi's® Leather Belt
5. Bicycle® Standard Playing Cards (for a few rounds of gin rummy with your gal)
6. Timex Weekender™ Slip Thru
7. Swiss-Link Italian Wool Army Blanket
8. Black Rivet Cycle Jacket from Wilson Leather
9. Original Rockford Red Heel Socks
10. Jack Purcell Canvas Sneaker by Converse
11. Stanley Thermos (filled with hot apple cider)
Levi's is offering an exclusive offer to AoM readers. Just use Promo Code GOFORTH2012 when shopping at us.levi.com for a 20% discount on one item. Offer ends 10/31/12.
Graphic design by Ted Slampyak
How would you outfit and equip yourself for a fall date? Share with us in the comments.
Related posts:
- 10 Great Fall Date Ideas
- Road Map to the Perfect First Date
- Spark Up Your Marriage: 4 Ways to Date Your Wife All Over Again
- What to Carry on a First Date: The Gentleman's Arsenal
- How to Pull Off the Perfect Picnic
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